Research progress of supported catalyst system for carbonylation reaction

The carbonylation reaction features high atom economy and can directly prepare carbonyl-containing compounds, which are in line with the concepts of green chemistry and sustainable development. Due to the significance of the carbonylation reaction in organic synthesis, in recent years, researchers have been dedicated to developing new catalytic systems. They load active molecular complexes onto supports such as porous organic polymers, molecular sieves, oxides, and carbon materials to prepare supported catalysts with high activity, high selectivity, and easy recyclability and reusability. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of the supported catalyst system for carbonylation reactions in recent years, elaborates on the performance, stability, and mechanisms of catalysts with polymers, molecular sieves, oxides, and carbon materials as supports, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages. The details are as follows: (1) Porous organic polymers have a high specific surface area, rich pore structures, and adjustable surface properties, endowing them with excellent adsorption capacity for a wide variety of substrates. This paper reviews the applications of porous organic polymer-supported catalysts in some carbonylation reactions in recent years. The nitrogen atoms in porous organic polymers possess lone pair electrons and can form coordination bonds with the empty orbitals of metal ions. Meanwhile, the porous structure of the polymer provides a large specific surface area and numerous pore channels, which is conducive to the formation of coordination between metals and ligands. (2) Molecular sieves have a high specific surface area, good stability, and excellent shape-selectivity, enabling shape-selective separation, adsorption, or catalytic conversion. Therefore, they have become one of the important catalytic materials or catalyst supports. This paper reviews the supported catalysts based on Y-type molecular sieve, MOR-type molecular sieve, ZSM-5 molecular sieve, etc. applied in carbonylation reactions in recent years, sorts out and summarizes the research progress achieved in this regard in recent years, and deeply discusses the action mechanisms involved in these strategies. (3) Oxide supports have attracted much attention due to their good chemical stability and abundant surface active sites. In the field of carbonylation reactions, oxide-supported catalysts play a crucial role. This paper reviews the important progress of oxide-supported catalysts used in carbonylation reactions in recent years, covering synthesis strategies, deeply analyzes the internal relationship between their structures and properties, and elaborately discusses the reaction mechanisms involved in the oxygen-reduction reaction process. Such a comprehensive analysis helps to deeply understand the action mechanism of oxide-supported catalysts in carbonylation reactions and provides theoretical support for the further optimization and development of new catalysts. (4) Carbon materials, with their large specific surface area and abundant pore structures, can highly disperse the active components, which is of great significance for improving the catalytic efficiency. This paper reviews the recent research progress of carbon material supported catalysts applied in carbonylation reactions and analyzes the preparation methods, modification strategies, and the CO spillover effect. This paper comprehensively reviews the progress of the supported catalyst system for carbonylation reactions, elaborates in detail on the catalytic performance, stability, and catalytic mechanisms of supported catalysts with polymers, molecular sieves, oxides, carbon materials, etc. as supports, and deeply analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these supported catalysts. How to achieve the stable fixation of active molecules and ensure the long-term stable operation of the catalyst remains a major problem to be urgently solved. This paper deeply discusses the development directions and prospects of supported catalysts for carbonylation reactions, aiming to provide useful references and insights for the subsequent research in this field.