Cholera in conflict: outbreak analysis and response lessons from Gadaref state, Sudan (2023–2024)

Cholera remains a recurrent risk that has been further exacerbated by the armed conflict. The reporting of index cases from a border village highlights the need to strengthen surveillance at points of entry. Investment in case management and risk communication is necessary to improve clinical outcomes. The use of Oral Cholera Vaccine was associated with a decline in cases; however, further field studies are recommended to analyze its actual contribution in limiting the outbreak. The government's primary role in leading and financing preparedness and response interventions has been limited by the conflict, urging investment in community-led interventions, while moving to more strategic outbreak preparedness and response financing mechanisms remains a priority, with partner support being essential in conflict settings.