Modern problems of diagnosis and prevention of obesity in children

Background. Obesity in children is an important medical and social problem of our time. It is associated with a high risk of developing concomitant diseases, such as cardiovascular pathologies, endocrine disorders and exercise intolerance. An increase in the number of cases of obesity in the child population is a global trend that requires effective methods of diagnosis, prevention and treatment. The purpose of this article was to summarize current scientific data presented in publications from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, as well as in international and national clinical guidelines in order to optimize approaches to the diagnosis and prevention of obesity in children. Results. Obesity in children remains a pressing problem that requires a comprehensive approach to its solution. It is necessary to pay special attention to the early detection of excess body weight and associated metabolic disorders, as they have a significant impact on the future health of children. It is important to develop and implement individualized preventive programs that take into account age, social and cultural characteristics. Integration of modern diagnostic methods and approaches to correcting children’s lifestyle will reduce the prevalence of obesity, reduce the risk of complications and improve the quality of life of the child population. The results of the analysis of modern sources indicate that the main diagnostic criteria for obesity in children are body mass index and waist circumference. Obesity in children negatively affects the quality of life, contributes to the development of chronic diseases and reduces exercise tolerance. Preventive measures include correction of eating behavior, increasing physical activity, monitoring metabolic indicators and using programs to teach a healthy lifestyle. ­Conclusions. Childhood obesity requires early diagnosis and individualized preventive measures. A comprehensive approach helps reduce the risk of complications and improve quality of life.