Exploring Factors Associated with Awareness, Willingness, and HPV Vaccine Uptake among Female Health Sciences University Students in Saudi Arabia

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major contributor to cervical cancer worldwide, posing a significant public health concern. In Saudi Arabia, multiple studies have investigated the levels of awareness and attitudes regarding HPV vaccination; however, gaps in knowledge and willingness to vaccinate persist, particularly among young women. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the awareness, attitudes, and willingness to receive the HPV vaccine among female university students in Saudi Arabia, with a focus on identifying factors influencing vaccine acceptance. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to July 2023 using an Arabic-language electronic questionnaire. The study population comprised female Health Sciences students enrolled at Taibah University in Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and Pearson's correlation coefficient to identify associations between demographic variables and levels of awareness and attitudes toward HPV vaccination. Results: A total of 946 female students participated in the study. The findings revealed that 63.3% of participants demonstrated satisfactory knowledge regarding HPV and its vaccine, while 61.7% expressed positive attitudes toward HPV vaccination. Despite this, only 32.9% of respondents reported willingness to receive the vaccine. Significant associations were observed between participants' awareness and demographic factors, including age, academic year, and college type (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The awareness and attitudes of female university students play a pivotal role in shaping their willingness to receive the HPV vaccine. Enhancing educational efforts on HPV and its vaccine is essential to address misconceptions, improve knowledge, and increase vaccine uptake. This study underscores the importance of integrating targeted health promotion initiatives and nursing interventions to foster positive behavioral changes and improve vaccination rates.