Numerical Study of Load Transfer within Geosynthetic-Reinforced Embankment Based on Multiple Trapdoor Tests

Geosynthetic-reinforced embankments are essential for stabilizing structures on weak soils or sinkhole-prone areas by redistributing loads through soil arching and membrane effects. This study investigates the effectiveness of these load transfer mechanisms using a combined approach of multi-trapdoor tests and Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations. The objective is to analyze the impact of embankment height, base geometry, and geosynthetic stiffness on load distribution and settlement reduction in reinforced embankments. The principal findings indicate that increasing embankment height amplifies the soil arching effect, significantly reducing stress concentration in weak areas and minimizing differential settlements. Additionally, geosynthetics with higher stiffness were found to enhance the membrane effect, leading to more uniform load distribution and reduced deflection. The FEM results aligned closely with experimental data, with difference under 10%, pointing the accuracy of the model. Notably, the combination of increased geosynthetic stiffness and optimized embankment configuration results in near-optimal load transfer efficiency. These insights suggest that optimal combinations of embankment height, geosynthetic stiffness, and base geometry can improve stability, especially in geotechnical applications on weak foundations. This research provides a foundation for future studies exploring 3D modeling and larger-scale testing to refine these findings further and contribute to effective embankment design in complex soil conditions.