Functional connectivity of animal-dispersed plant communities depends on the interacting effects of network specialization and resource diversity

Plant functional connectivity-the dispersal of plant propagules between habitat patches-is often ensured through animal movement. Yet, there is no quantitative framework to analyse how plant-animal interactions and the movement of seed dispersers influence community-level plant functional connectivity. We propose a trait-based framework to quantify plant connectivity with a model integrating plant-frugivore networks, animal-mediated seed-dispersal distances and the selection of target patches by seed dispersers. Using this framework, we estimated how network specialization, between-patch distance and resource diversity in a target patch affect the number and diversity of seeds dispersed to that patch. Specialized networks with a high degree of niche partitioning in plant-frugivore interactions reduced functional connectivity by limiting the diversity of seeds dispersed over long distances. Resource diversity in the target patch increased both seed number and diversity, especially in specialized networks and within short and intermediate distances between patches. Notably, resource diversity was particularly important at intermediate distances, where the number and diversity of seeds reaching a patch increased more strongly with resource diversity than at longer distances. Using a trait-based framework, we show that resource diversity in the target patch is a major driver of connectivity in animal-dispersed plant communities.