A Study of Serum Magnesium Levels in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rural Population of Vijayapura District

Background and Aim: Magnesium is an essential element for the proper functioning and regulation of cardiovascular physiology. It acts as a vital helper molecule in various enzyme systems and is involved in multiple cardiovascular processes. These processes include intracardiac conduction, myocardial contraction, atherogenesis, thrombosis, regulation of vascular tone, and the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum magnesium concentration and their correlation with complications and in-hospital outcomes in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Materials and Methods: This observational study included patients who were admitted to a tertiary care centre in India from December 2019 to September 2021. A total of 100 patients with AMI were enrolled in the study. Serum magnesium concentration was assessed using the calmagite method. The patients were followed up for 7 days during their hospitalization to monitor complications and in-hospital outcomes. Results: The serum magnesium concentration was between 1.1 mg/dL and 4.0 mg/dL. There were 28 patients with hypomagnesemia and 11 patients with hypermagnesemia. The study population consisted of 57% male, and the majority of patients were in the age group of 60-80 years (38%). A typical clinical presentation was observed in 61% of the patients, while 39% of patients displayed an atypical clinical presentation. Higher proportions of patients with typical clinical presentation were significantly observed to have hypomagnesemia (P = 0.037). Among the total patient population, 20% experienced QT-prolongation in our study. Patients with hypomagnesemia experienced more complications, but patients with hypermagnesemia were associated with an increased rate of mortality. Conclusion: In patients with AMI, hypomagnesemia was associated with an increased incidence of complications. Conversely, hypermagnesemia was linked to increased mortality among patients.