Association Between Mediterranean Diet and Other Healthy Habits and Sociodemographic Variables with the Values of Vascular and Heart Age in Spanish Workers

<b>Introduction</b>: The assessment of cardiovascular risk has traditionally relied on validated scales designed to estimate the likelihood of experiencing a cardiovascular event within a specific timeframe. In recent years, novel methodologies have emerged, offering a more objective evaluation of this risk through indicators such as vascular age (VA) and heart age (HA). <b>Objective</b>: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sociodemographic factors, lifestyle behaviors, and their impact on VA and HA. <b>Materials and Methods</b>: A dual study design, encompassing both cross-sectional and longitudinal retrospective approaches, was conducted among a cohort of employees. The variables assessed included sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, and socioeconomic status) and health-related habits (smoking, physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and alcohol consumption). <b>Results</b>: The findings revealed that all analyzed variables were significantly associated with elevated VA and HA values. Among these, age demonstrated the strongest association, with odds ratios (OR) of 114.91 (95% CI: 100.45-131.43) for high HA and 34.48 (95% CI: 31.41-37.56) for high VA. <b>Conclusions</b>: The profile of individuals most at risk for elevated VA and HA encompasses males of advanced age, characterized by low socioeconomic status, a sedentary lifestyle, poor adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and regular alcohol consumption.