Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cannabis sativa L. Extract in 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Dermatitis in Rats

<b>Background:</b><i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. and its products are becoming popular for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. One of the main phytocannabinoids contained in cannabis is cannabidiol (CBD), which is a component of numerous cosmetic preparations used to treat inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis. However, current data regarding the efficacy and safety of CBD for dermatological indications are limited. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of high-CBD <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. extract (eCBD) in a model of AD. <b>Methods:</b> Dermatitis was induced by repeated application of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) to the skin of the rats' ears. The therapeutic effect of eCBD was evaluated in behavioral, histopathological, and hematological studies following topical application as an ointment containing 2% CBD. <b>Results:</b> Application of the ointment containing eCBD resulted in attenuation of DNCB-induced inflammation. Interestingly, an anti-edematous effect was more pronounced in rats treated with the eCBD than in rats treated with 1% hydrocortisone ointment. However, eCBD did not reduce the frequency of DNCB-induced scratching, while there was a visible antipruritic effect of 1% hydrocortisone application. Histopathological analysis revealed that both eCBD and 1% hydrocortisone ointments significantly decreased mast cell count compared with the Vaseline control group. Furthermore, treatment with an ointment containing eCBD resulted in a decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood. <b>Conclusions:</b> Topically administered eCBD had a stronger anti-edematous effect than glucocorticosteroid and differently affected hematological parameters. It is suggested that eCBD has therapeutic potential for the treatment of AD.