Impact of Overdimension and Overloading Vehicles on Road Longevity

The impact of Overdimension and Overloading (ODOL) vehicles on road longevity is a critical concern, particularly in regions like Indonesia where ODOL violations are prevalent. This study investigates the effect of ODOL vehicles on pavement deterioration, focusing on the Maccopa Motor Vehicle Weighing Implementation Unit (UPPKB) in Maros Regency, South Sulawesi. Using three analytical methods—Bina Marga 01/MN/BM.83, SNI 1732-1989 F, and Pd.T-05-2005, the study quantifies the Cumulative Equivalent Single Axle Load (CESAL) and assesses the Remaining Life (RL) of road pavements under both normal and overloaded traffic conditions. The findings reveal that overloaded vehicles significantly reduce pavement longevity, with RL decreasing by approximately 50-70%. Under normal conditions, CESAL values range from 792,226.36 to 17,669,270.93 by 2034, depending on the method. However, in overloaded conditions, CESAL values dramatically increase, with Pd.T-05-2005 estimating up to 31,920,549.18 by 2034, indicating a much higher rate of pavement wear. The Pd.T-05-2005 method, due to its higher sensitivity to axle loads, consistently predicts faster pavement deterioration, making it particularly relevant for regions with heavy ODOL traffic. Overall, this research underscores the critical need for stricter enforcement of weight regulations and highlights the potential for improved road maintenance planning by utilizing more sensitive methods like Pd.T-05-2005 to better account for overloaded traffic. To address these challenges, policymakers are encouraged to implement periodic axle load audits and deploy weigh-in-motion (WIM) systems for real-time monitoring and enforcement of ODOL regulations.