Enhancing Immune Plasma Algorithm for Coverage Optimization Problem in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained paramount importance in diverse applications, resulting in extensive research efforts. Among the pivotal challenges facing WSNs is the strategic deployment of nodes, which are critical for efficient data processing and dissemination. Maximizing the coverage area of the sensor nodes emerges as a key determinant of optimal performance in various application domains. Leveraging advanced node deployment algorithms holds the promise of significantly enhancing sensor node coverage within monitoring regions, thereby yielding benefits such as reduced energy consumption, prolonged network lifespan, and streamlined sensor operations. This study endeavors to address the coverage area challenge by employing two variants of the immune plasma algorithm (IP), augmented by sophisticated modeling techniques and tools. Inspired by the biological transfer of plasma or antibodies between patients, the IP algorithm offers a robust framework to optimize WSN deployment. Rigorous experimentation showcases the efficacy of the proposed algorithm in effectively addressing the multifaceted challenges inherent in WSN deployment, thereby presenting compelling avenues for future research and implementation.