Comparison of Antibacterial Properties of Magnesium Oxide and Copper Oxide Nanopowders: Green Synthesis Approach

Magnesium oxide (MgO) and copper (Cu) tiny particles were made using a green method that is good for the environment. Making the particles uses natural materials and does not involve harmful chemicals. This method uses plant extracts to help make and keep substances stable, showing a valuable and eco-friendly alternative to traditional ways of making them. In this study, we looked closely at the structure, shape, and light properties of the MgO and Cu nanoparticles we made, using different methods to investigate them. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the nanoparticles were successfully made and had no impurities. The FE-SEM images showed that the nanoparticles were smaller than 100 nanometers, which means they are very tiny. Also, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) helped identify the elements in the nanoparticles, confirming that magnesium, oxygen, and copper are present. We used Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to find diverse groups of atoms in each sample, which helped us understand their chemical bonds and molecular structure. We used UV-Vis spectroscopy to examine the light properties, showing the unique absorption peaks of MgO and Cu nanoparticles. The antibacterial effects of the MgO and Cu nanoparticles were tested and compared with those of different types of bacteria. The results showed that both kinds of nanoparticles have strong antibacterial effects. They could be used in coatings that fight germs, medical devices, and other areas that need protection against microbes. This study shows the benefits of using green methods to make eco-friendly nanoparticles that work well against bacteria. This approach helps create sustainable and valuable materials.