Technology and Sustainability in Heritage Conservation: Non-Invasive Inspection of the Roman Bridge of Segura Using Microtechnology

Objective: This study aims to assess the structural condition of the Roman Bridge of Segura using non-invasive methods, including drones, aerial thermography, and underwater exploration with microtechnology. Additionally, it seeks to demonstrate the effectiveness of these tools in the sustainable conservation of architectural heritage. Theoretical Framework: The research adopts a cross-disciplinary approach by integrating civil engineering, heritage conservation, and applied microtechnology. It builds upon previous studies on structural inspection using RPAS (drones) and the application of thermography for the detection of construction pathologies. Method: Rotary-wing drones were used for visual inspection, a thermal imaging camera was employed to analyze surface temperature variations, and an underwater drone was utilized to examine the submerged foundations of the Bridge. The collected data were subsequently analyzed to identify potential deterioration and assess the structural stability of the Bridge. Results and Discussion: The overall condition of the Bridge was found to be good, although minor pathologies such as efflorescence, dark crusts, and vegetation growth in the joints were observed. Thermographic analysis revealed differential moisture zones, while the underwater inspection confirmed the stability of the foundations, with the exception of a small depression near one of the piers. Research Implications: This study reinforces the value of non-invasive techniques in the sustainable management of heritage conservation, advocating for their systematic implementation in the monitoring of historic infrastructures. Originality/Value: The combination of aerial and underwater drones with thermography represents an innovative approach to structural inspection of monuments, optimizing diagnostics without direct physical intervention.