Outcome of Immunotherapy in Advanced Cervical Cancer after Progression to Platinum-Based Therapy in the Real World

Abstract Introduction Cervical cancer remains a global health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Immunotherapy has demonstrated meaningful improvements in the overall survival (OS) of patients with recurrent, persistent, or metastatic disease that progressed to platinum-containing chemotherapy. The present study aimed to evaluate real-world outcomes with the use of immunotherapy in this setting. Materials and Methods The current retrospective observational study included patients with recurrent, persistent, or metastatic cervical cancer who were exposed to single-agent immunotherapy at Oncoclínicas&CO private healthcare oncology network from July 2017 to January 2024. We performed descriptive statistics and estimated the time until treatment discontinuation (TTD) and OS through the Kaplan-Meier method. Results In total, 60 patients met the inclusion criteria: 33 (55%) received cemiplimab, 26 (43.3%), pembrolizumab, and only 1 (1.7%), nivolumab. Most received immunotherapy as the second-line treatment (85%) after chemotherapy plus bevacizumab (64%). After a median follow-up of 12 months, the median TTD was of 6.3 months (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 4.7–9.6), and the median OS was of 10.7 months (95%CI: 9.1–not reached [NR]). Conclusion The present real-world study demonstrated comparable outcomes of single-agent immunotherapy for advanced cervical cancer with those described in pivotal clinical trials. These findings support the reproducibility and efficacy of immunotherapy, highlighting its role as a valuable treatment option in platinum-resistant cervical cancer.