The course of alteration of Black Sea salmon (Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814) fishery and culture

The Black Sea salmon is one of the endemic species of the Black Sea. Its natural distribution area is the Black Sea and many rivers that feed the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. While its non-migratory forms are found in small streams and river branches that flow into the Black Sea, its anadromous forms are found in large streams and rivers that flow into the Black Sea. In recent years, as a result of anthropological effects, the anadromous forms in particular are facing the danger of extinction in the streams where the species is distributed. The confusion regarding its naming, which is important in the hunting ban list, which is effective in the decrease of the natural population, continues today. However, the names Black Sea salmon, Salmo labrax, Black Sea salmon are still current. In Turkey, the synonyms Black Sea salmon, sea trout, sea trout and red spotted trout are widely used. The first known study on the production of the species under culture conditions was initiated in the 1920s in a hatchery established in the Abkhazia region for the purpose of fish breeding. In Turkey, the stock status of sea trout was investigated with the study initiated with FAO support in 1988, and preliminary studies were conducted for facility locations for culture production. Following this study, breeding stock was created with individuals collected from the natural environment starting in 1998, many culture characteristics were determined, they were cultured, used for fish breeding purposes and introduced to the private sector. Today, commercial aquaculture production continues only in Turkey among the countries neighboring the Black Sea. This study was prepared to better understand the Black Sea salmon, which is consumed with pleasure by the communities in its natural distribution area, to understand the changing ecosystem for the species and to contribute to the spread of its commercial production.