Experiments and Simulations on the Low-Temperature Reduction of Iron Ore Oxide Pellets with Hydrogen

This article examines the low-temperature reducibility of four types of iron ore pellets in a pure hydrogen atmosphere, with the aim of understanding the thermodynamic aspects of the process. The research focuses on optimizing conditions for pellet reduction in order to reduce CO2 emissions and improve iron production efficiency. Experimental tests were conducted at temperatures of 600 °C and 800 °C, supplemented by thermodynamic simulations predicting the equilibrium composition and energy requirements. Chemical and microstructural analyses revealed that porosity, mineralogical composition, and phase distribution homogeneity significantly affect reduction efficiency. High-quality pellets with low SiO2 content demonstrated the best reduction ability, while fluxed pellets with the presence of calcium silicate ferrites and pellets with a higher content of SiO2 showed lower reduction potential due to the presence of hard-to-reduce phases such as calcium silicate ferrites and iron silicates. The results highlight the importance of controlling process conditions and optimizing pellet properties to enhance the reduction process and minimize environmental impacts. This study provides valuable insights for the application of hydrogen reduction in industrial conditions, contributing to the decarbonization of the metallurgical industry.