Health system strategies to reduce global impacts of toxic substance exposure

Exposure to toxic substances, including arsenic, lead, mercury, and other harmful chemicals, poses a significant public health challenge globally, contributing to noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and kidney disorders. Despite the known health risks, public health responses to toxic substance exposure remain underdeveloped in many regions, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Strengthening health systems through capacity building is critical to addressing the growing burden of toxic exposure. This article explores the need for a trans- and interdisciplinary approach to building sustainable health system responses, focusing on enhancing human resources, institutional capacity, and public health infrastructure. In addition, it highlights case studies and best practices from various regions, illustrating the importance of global cooperation and community-driven efforts in mitigating the impacts of toxic substances. The article concludes by recommending a strategic and gradual approach to capacity building, integrating chemical safety into health systems to reduce the disease burden and improve public health outcomes in LMICs.