The experience of traditional piano pedagogy of the early 19th century in the innovative technical development of modern pianists

The aim of the research is to identify the methodological principles of traditional piano pedagogy of the early 19th century that can help in the search for modern innovative developments in the field of forming the "fine" technique of a pianist. The article discusses the continuity and essential differences in the requirements for the technique of keyboard players and pianists of the first third of the 19th century. The continuity of requirements concerned a range of issues related to "hand positioning" and finger play, and the difference consisted in the need to develop the physical qualities of the finger apparatus. These factors should be taken into account in the teaching methods of modern pianists. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that, from the multitude of methodological principles that passed from keyboard pedagogy to piano pedagogy, the requirement that had a systemic significance for piano-pedagogical art and changed the methodology of technical development of pianists was singled out. This requirement is related to the need for physical development of the pianist's finger apparatus. As a result of the research, it was established that taking into account the basic rules of "hand positioning," which implies playing with finger movements with a free hand, and the need for physical development of the finger apparatus are the most important determinants of the formation of finger technique of pianists. At the same time, an important condition for the application of the methods of work of pianists of the 19th century on technique is a clear understanding of the functional affiliation of the rules of "hand positioning": in modern piano education, "positioning" should be used not as a way of playing, but only as a means of technical training. This opens up the possibility to fully involve modern achievements of the theory of sports training in the technical work of a musician, which will ensure the innovative nature of the methods of physical development of the playing apparatus of pianists of our time.