Review of AI in Indian Classical Music

The Artificial Intelligence (AI) wave has revolutionised all industries including the music industry. AI is now being leveraged in the music world in ways that could not have been imagined earlier. Music generation, music retrieval, music production are just some of the areas in which AI has started making its mark. There have been significant efforts in literature to review and bring out the impact of AI in Western music. Indian classical music forms are extremely distinct from Western music in terms of ornamentation, emotional depth, and structure. This makes it difficult for the established AI methods in Western music from being leveraged in Indian classical music. Though there have been some efforts made to use AI tools in Indian classical music, there has not been a comprehensive survey of the same. In this paper, we attempt to provide a systematic review of use of AI specifically in the Indian classical music forms of Hindustani and Carnatic music. We cover the three fields of music generation, music retrieval, music production and look into key technologies, datasets and established applications. Additionally, we bring out current challenges, research gaps, and future directions to advance AI-driven innovations in this domain.