Biochemical and Molecular identification of bacteria Streptomyces fradiae in Iraq

Background: Streptomyces Waksman & Henrici 1943 is the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae, it is a group of bacteria that are classified as aerobic, Gram-positive, and filamentous. These bacteria are capable of producing well-developed vegetative hyphae that include branches. Methods: The period of time from December 2023 to January 2024 saw the collection of fifty soil samples. Several locations inside the city of Baghdad were chosen for the collection of samples. After sample dilution it put on ISP2 agar for Streptomyces isolation. Several biochemical tests were done for the isolates. Results: Thirty Streptomyces isolate were obtained depended on morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristic. The colonies under suspicion were cultivated on ISP2 agar and chosen based on their color (gray, creamy, or white) and colony diameter (ranging from 1 to 10 mm). Additionally, their morphology was considered, with the colonies initially having a smooth surface and later becoming powdery, soft, and granular as they formed aerial mycelium. The isolates were positive to catalase, Citrate Utilization, Sugar utilization, Nitrate reduction, Casein hydrolysis and starch hydrolysis biochemical tests, Whole genome DNA from overnight cultures of isolates of Streptomyces fradiae were extracted. Conclusion Streptomyces identification is a complex procedure. Classification within the Streptomycetaceae family relies heavily on morphological and biochemical characteristics. The local Streptomyces spp. is classified as belonging to the genus Streptomyces based on morphological, cultural, and biochemical trait and genomic DNA analysis.