Etiological spectrum of Anorectal Bleeding in the Kashmiri Population: A retrospective and prospective analysis of 4 years in a tertiary care center

Background: Anorectal bleeding is a frequent clinical presentation with a wide range of underlying causes. This study aims to analyze the etiological profile of anorectal bleeding in the Kashmiri population to identify trends, risk factors, and management strategies. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective and prospective observational study was conducted for a period of four years in Department of Gastroenterology, GMC, Srinagar,Kashmir, India. Data was collected from patients presenting with anorectal bleeding, and evaluated using clinical history, colonoscopy, and histo-pathological findings. Results: A total of 800 patients were included, comprising 200 pediatric and 600 adult cases. Among pediatric cases most common causes of ano-rectal bleeding were recto-sigmoid polyps 80/200(40%) and anal fissures 68/200 (34%). In adults, hemorrhoids 250/600 (41.6%) and colorectal malignancies 130/600 (21.6%) were the predominant causes. Colonoscopy played a crucial role in confirming diagnosis, early detection of malignancies and better outcomes. Conclusion: Benign conditions are the most common causes of anorectal bleeding in children, whereas colorectal malignancies are a significant concern in adults. Early diagnosis via colonoscopy is essential for better outcomes