Study on the Impact of Hydrocarbon Pollution on Water of Northern Basra and Its Effects on the Life Cycle of Dumsefly Naiads

An environmental study was conducted to some Odonata to examine the relationship between environmental elements and Pollutants in Water of North Basra from October 2020 to May 2024. The study covered six water stations. (1) Sharash Site: (a) First Station: Shat El Arab (Current Stream) and (b) Second Station: Al-Shaheen Ponds (Still Water). (2) Thagher Site: (a) Third Station: Tigris River Coast (Current Stream) and (b) Fourth Station: Al-Neherat Ponds (Still Water). (3) Mdainah Site: (a) Fifth Station: Euphrates River Coast (Current Stream) and (b) Sixth Station: Al-Jallal Ponds (Still Water). The study measured Odonata naiads number density on monthly basis from October 2023 to May 2024. It was found that the highest number density, 4.52 Naiads per 6 draws in Sharash Site and 5.28 Naiads /6 Draws on December. The study indicated that the hydrocarbon concentration rate, 39.59, was in Sharash Site: Al-Shaheen Ponds, and there is Direct Relationship between the total hydrocarbon and the number density of Odonata Naiads. In the sense that the highest Naiads number was in Sharash Site: Shat El Arab, and Thagher Site: Al-Neherat Ponds, Mdainah Ponds: and Al-jallal Ponds, 5.21, 4.88, 4.88 alternatively at total hydrocarbon concentrations rates 35.27, 29.88, and 13.44 alternatively at correlation factor 0.855/0.510/0.791 alternatively. The Impact of total hydrocarbon concentrations upon the age levels and number of moulting of Odonata showed that the longest age period is 98.66 with 4.33 moulting that occurred to laboratory grown Odonata Naiads when the total hydrocarbon concentrations were 29.88 as a medium rate. The study also showed a very weak Inverse Relationship between the Odonata Naiads age duration and the total hydrocarbon concentrations rate where the coefficient factor reached 0.463.