Setting the parameters of thermal destruction of fire-resistant wood

The problem of using wood is to ensure resistance to high-temperature flame and application technology. Therefore, the object of research was to change the parameters of thermal destruction of wood during fire protection by impregnation and intumescent coating. It has been proven that for wood treated by impregnation, the destruction processes slow down, so the mass loss is reduced by 3–5 times, the process increases in the region of higher temperatures with a significant coke residue. As for wood treated with intumescent coating, in the temperature range of 200–300 °C, pentaerythritol begins to decompose with the formation of aldehydes and a foam coke center is formed. The beginning of intensive mass loss coincides with the temperature of 320–330 °C, on which the sublimation peak of melamine is superimposed, starting at a temperature of 330 °C, which ends at a temperature of more than 420 °C. The obtained activation energy of wood is 30.03 kJ/mol, treatment of wood with impregnating agents increases the activation energy during its thermal decomposition by more than two times, and treatment with an intumescent coating by more than 4.4 times. After pyrolysis of wood treated with flame retardants, the mixtures of destruction products differ significantly in the content of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and the amount of combustible gases. Thus, for wood treated with the composition DSA-1, the amount of nitrogen increased by more than 46 times, and the amount of combustible gases decreased by more than 3 times. An even greater difference was recorded during treatment of wood with an intumescent coating. In particular, it was found that the amount of combustible gases decreased by more than 4 times, and the amount of nitrogen increased by more than 56 times. The practical significance lies in the fact that the results obtained were taken into account when developing a reactive coating. Thus, there are grounds to argue about the possibility of directed regulation of the wood protection process through the use of coatings capable of forming a protective layer on the surface.