A comparative study of nickel oxide prepared by beta vulgaris extract and chemical method as antibacterial and antifungal

The green synthesis method and the simple chemistry method, these two different ways were both successful in making nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction, SEM, AFM, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to describe the NiO samples. The films had a pure cubic shape, and their average size was about 16.80 nm for NiO (green method) and 29.61 nm for NiO (simple chemical method). According to the data, the different methods had a real effect on the surface shape of the films. The NiO film made with the green method is denser and has smaller grains than the NiO film made with the chemical method. By using a green synthesis and a chemical method, the NiO particles were found to be 29.36 nm and 38.09 nm in size as appear SEM. It was found that the energy gap for NiO NPs was 3.75 eV for the plant extract method and 3.5 eV for the chemistry method. At 524,672 cm-1, the band can be found Ni–O is stretching, . Finally, the antimicrobial activity study showed that NiO NPs are very good at killing germs. As a result, this study shows strong antimicrobial action that could be looked into further in future clinical interventions.