Panduratin A from Boesenbergia rotunda Effectively Inhibits EGFR/STAT3/Akt Signaling Pathways, Inducing Apoptosis in NSCLC Cells with Wild-Type and T790M Mutations in EGFR

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a challenging disease, with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) being a key target for new, effective treatments crucial for the signaling pathways regulating cancer cell survival. Targeting EGFR-mediated signaling offers promising strategies to improve NSCLC therapies, particularly in overcoming resistance in EGFR-mutant lung cancer. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of panduratin A, a naturally occurring flavonoid from <i>Boesenbergia rotunda</i>, on human NSCLC cell lines expressing both wild-type EGFR (A549) and mutant EGFR (H1975) using in vitro experiments and molecular docking approaches. Cytotoxicity screening revealed that panduratin A exhibits potent effects on both A549 (IC₅₀ of 6.03 ± 0.21 µg/mL) and H1975 (IC₅₀ of 5.58 ± 0.15 µg/mL) cell lines while demonstrating low toxicity to normal MRC5 lung cells (12.96 ± 0.36 µg/mL). Furthermore, western blotting and flow cytometric analyses indicated that panduratin A induces apoptosis by inhibiting p-EGFR and its downstream effectors, p-STAT3 and p-Akt, in lung cancer cells. Additionally, the docking study showed lower binding energy between panduratin A and the target proteins, comparable to that of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs). The ADMET prediction also highlighted panduratin A's exceptional drug-like properties. This study concludes that panduratin A shows significant promise as an anti-lung cancer candidate for NSCLC, offering an economical and effective strategy.