Navigating specifics of comics translation into English, Ukrainian and German

This article examines the specifics of translating comics into English, Ukrainian, and German, highlighting the unique challenges and techniques required for each language pair. Comic translation extends beyond mere textual conversion, and as it concerns the intricate interplay between linguistic adaptation, imagery, and cultural nuances, it requires an approach that balances humor, colloquialisms, visual elements, and cultural references while maintaining the integrity of the original narrative. The study explores specific features and methods in translating comics across the languages under analysis, focusing on the adaptation of proper names (including transliteration and transcription in compliance with the orthographic and phonetic norms of the target language, as well as calque translation of proper names taking into account word-formation patterns), specific onomatopoeic expressions and grammatical features of the languages under consideration. Particular attention is given to cross-linguistic similarities and differences, highlighting the importance of taking them into concideration during translation particularly the one of comics. The research is based on a comparative analysis of Neil Gaiman’s graphic novel The Sandman and its Ukrainian and German translations, examining both successful translation strategies and the challenges encountered in the process.The study explores the role of the translator in preserving the narrative integrity, tone, and impact of the original work while ensuring accessibility and engagement for the target audience. Special attention is given to how the design elements of The Sandman, such as panel layouts, color schemes, and typography, interact with the translated dialogues, maintaining the original aesthetic while ensuring clarity and emotional impact for the audience. Through case studies and examples, this article provides insights into the art of comic translation, shedding light on how language, culture, and visual storytelling intersect in the creation of a localized comic experience.