Migration Factors of the Rural Population in Kyrgyzstan

Labor migration of the population is one of the most complex social processes, the occurrence of which is caused by changes in the location of production, economic and political situations, as well as growth in labor and social mobility. The article examines internal and external migration processes in Kyrgyzstan, its main causes and positive and negative effects on the country. Current trends in migration movements in Kyrgyz society reflect a series of changes in socio-economic development and political situation. The author identifies the most significant factors influencing external migration among young people of rural areas, including the desire for improved education and the desire to change material and socioeconomic status. Along with ethnic emigration, economic emigration is becoming more prominent, caused by a decline in living standards, uncertainty about future prospects, and ineffective social protection for the population. The author notes that rural youth are the most mobile, so it is possible that, if the situation continues to worsen in Kyrgyzstan, especially in the southern regions, the number of young people who migrate to other countries such as Russia, Bulgaria, Turkey, Korea, Japan, and Great Britain will increase.