Cosmological and Astrophysical Parameter Inference from Stacked Galaxy Cluster Profiles Using CAMELS-zoomGZ

Abstract We present a study on the inference of cosmological and astrophysical parameters using stacked galaxy cluster profiles. Utilizing the CAMELS-zoomGZ simulations, we explore how various cluster properties—such as X-ray surface brightness, gas density, temperature, metallicity, and Compton-y profiles—can be used to predict parameters within the 28-dimensional parameter space of the IllustrisTNG model. Through neural networks, we achieve a high correlation coefficient of 0.97 or above for all cosmological parameters, including Ω m , H 0 , and σ 8 , and over 0.90 for the remaining astrophysical parameters, showcasing the effectiveness of these profiles for parameter inference. We investigate the impact of different radial cuts, with bins ranging from 0.1 R 200 c to 0.7 R 200 c , to simulate current observational constraints. Additionally, we perform a noise sensitivity analysis, adding up to 40% Gaussian noise (corresponding to signal-to-noise ratios as low as 2.5), revealing that key parameters such as Ω m , H 0 , and the initial mass function slope remain robust even under extreme noise conditions. We also compare the performance of full radial profiles against integrated quantities, finding that profiles generally lead to more accurate parameter inferences. Our results demonstrate that stacked galaxy cluster profiles contain crucial information on both astrophysical processes within groups and clusters and the underlying cosmology of the Universe. This underscores their significance for interpreting the complex data expected from next-generation surveys and reveals, for the first time, their potential as a powerful tool for parameter inference.