Dynamic Response Analysis of Large-Diameter Monopile Foundation Under Ice Load

This study investigates the dynamic response of large-diameter monopile foundations subjected to ice loads, emphasizing sustainable design in cold-region offshore wind energy development. Through a combined ice–structure–soil model test and subsequent development of a three-dimensional ice–OWT–soil system model using Abaqus software 2022, this research addresses the sustainability of infrastructure exposed to harsh environmental conditions. The dynamic ice loads are simulated using the coupled CEM–FEM approach, while the Mohr–Coulomb model calculates soil–structure interactions. The calibration and verification processes include comparisons of simulated ice forces, ice-crushing processes, and pile deflections with experimental results. This study comprehensively assesses the effects of ice velocity and thickness on ice actions, as well as the monopile’s top displacement, shear force, and bending moment. The findings indicate that ice thickness significantly influences the dynamic response more than ice velocity, guiding the design toward more sustainable and resilient offshore wind infrastructures. Additionally, a semi-empirical calculation method incorporating the aspect ratio effect is proposed, enhancing the predictive accuracy and sustainability of large-diameter monopile foundations, as validated against field monitoring data from the Norströmsgrund lighthouse. Compared to traditional ice pressure calculation methods, the proposed approach focuses on the influence of the aspect ratio of large-diameter monopile foundations, enabling a more realistic and objective assessment of ice load calculations for OWTs in cold regions. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach and offer a new perspective for the design of OWT structures under ice loads.