The Impact of Time Delay on Power System: Optimized Integral Sliding-Mode Control Algorithm with Disturbances

In recent times, power systems have become increasingly complex due to delays introduced by communication networks. These delays often result in performance degradation and instability. Consequently, traditional LFC methods for power systems exhibit destabilizing effects and unacceptable performance. To address this issue, the present investigation presented an optimized LFC method based on adaptive integral sliding mode control (AISMC) for time delay in power systems (TDPS). First, a linear matrix inequality is formulated based on Lyapunov stability theory to guarantee the stability of the entire power system (PS). In addition, AISMC legislation is intended for ensuring limited time being accessible of system variables in LFC for TDPS. Furthermore, test results show that the recommended LFC was established on AISMC not only efficiently decreases fluctuations in frequency but also successfully eliminates power oscillation and variation in tie-line exchanges.