Study on the Effects of Internal Building Layouts on Tsunami-Driven Single-Container Motion

This study investigated the complex interactions among tsunamis, debris, and coastal building structures under extreme hydrodynamic conditions. We performed numerical simulations to explore the influence of varying wave conditions, debris, and building designs to identify the most vulnerable parts of a building structure. The three-dimensional coupled fluid–structure–sediment–seabed interaction model (FS3M) was employed to simulate these interactions and validated against physical experimental data to ensure accuracy. The results revealed that debris significantly altered the wave impact dynamics, increasing the force exerted on buildings regardless of their structural features. This study provides relevant insights into the effectiveness of different building layouts in mitigating damage, highlighting the critical role of buildings with internal walls perpendicular to the wave direction, which significantly mitigated the tsunami’s impact at specific regions.