Evaluation of The Relationship Between Bone Marrow Changes and Hemogram Findings in HIV-Positive Patients

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between bone marrow (BM) changes and initial laboratory findings in Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, focusing on hematopoietic system alterations such as myeloid hyperplasia, erythroid hyperplasia, and megakaryocyte activity. Materials and Methods: A total of 57 HIV-positive patients were included in this retrospective study. BM findings, including cellularity, plasma cell ratio, reticulin fiber ratio, and specific features such as myeloid and erythroid hyperplasia, were analyzed. Initial laboratory parameters, including white blood cell (WBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), platelet, and CD4 counts, were assessed. Results: Significant positive correlations were observed between cellularity and WBC (r=0.40, p=0.005), monocyte (r=0.40, p=0.005), and CD8 counts (r=0.32, p=0.02). Plasma cell ratio showed negative correlations with HGB (r=-0.35, p=0.01), HCT (r=-0.35, p=0.01), and albumin (ALB) (r=-0.50, p<0.001). Reticulin fiber ratio was negatively correlated with WBC (r=-0.30, p=0.03), HGB (r=-0.32, p=0.02), and ALB (r=-0.35, p=0.008). Conclusion: BM changes in HIV-positive patients, such as myeloid and erythroid hyperplasia, are associated with significant alterations in peripheral blood parameters, highlighting the importance of comprehensive hematological evaluations in this population. These findings contribute to a better understanding of HIV-related hematopoietic dysfunction and its clinical implications.