Packaged GaN HEMT biosensor and handheld system for brain injury detection

In this Letter, an extended pad packaged GaN HEMT-based biosensing system has been reported for the detection of US Food and Drug Administration-approved ubiquitin-C-terminal-hydrolase-L1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein and Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee-recommended S100B brain injury biomarkers in clinically relevant concentration ranges. The work is an extension of our preliminary reported work on the noninvasive detection of traumatic brain injury biomarkers using saliva [R. Thakur, IEEE Sens. J. 24(3), 2313 (2023)]. A very high sensitivity of 0.58 mA/ng/ml with good linearity (Adj. R2 = 0.99) was observed for the detection of S100B with a response time of less than 15 s. The platform offers a shelf life of four weeks with minute degradation of −3.08% and −4.66% in its stability and reactivity. The developed biosensing platform shows great potential for its deployment in real-time application areas due to its high sensitivity, good shelf life, and fast detection time.