Seed Storability in Forest Trees: Research Progress and Future Perspectives

The long-term storage of forest tree seeds holds critical significance for ecological restoration, forest resource conservation, and the sustainable development of forestry. In the context of plant biodiversity conservation, enhancing seed storability to achieve efficient utilization has garnered widespread attention. Seed storability, as a complex quantitative trait, is influenced by the combined effects of intrinsic seed characteristics and external environmental factors. The complexity of this issue presents significant challenges in maintaining seed longevity, particularly in the conservation of seeds from endangered species. This review discusses the essential factors affecting seed storability and the main causes of seed aging. It emphasizes the roles of molecular mechanisms, including raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO), heat shock protein (HSP), late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, seed storage proteins (SSPs), and hormonal regulation, in modulating seed storability. Additionally, the evaluation criteria and methodologies for assessing seed storability are elaborated. The review highlights future research challenges, aiming to provide a comprehensive scientific foundation and practical guidance to improve seed storability. This will offer theoretical support for the sustainable management of forest resources.