Benefits and challenges of cervical cancer screening since the implementation of the ‘two cancer’ screening programme in China: findings from Shangyu, Zhejiang in 2019–23

As the pilot city of the 'two cancer' screening programme, Shangyu saw a gradual yearly increase in cervical cancer screening coverage. However, lack of awareness, reluctance to receive screening and later colposcopy, and underutilisation of screening alternatives undermined further progress. Future medical services and policies should prioritise health education and target neglected groups in both rural and urban areas.