Sustainable development of Cuban agricultural economy: Policy and practice

• Recalls the development process of Cuba's agricultural economy. • Sorts out the current situation of Cuba's agricultural economy. • Systematically analyzes the specific measures for sustainable development of Cuba's agricultural economy. In the context of global sustainable development, the sustainability of the agricultural economy is the key to achieving economic, social, and ecological balance. As a developing country facing external blockade and resource scarcity, Cuba's sustainable development practices in the agricultural economy have important research value. This article starts from the perspective of the socialist ideology with Chinese characteristics in the new era. It investigates the internal excitation behind the sustainable development of Cuba's agricultural economy, which also belongs to the socialist camp. The aim is to reveal its successful experience and provide a reference for other developing countries. This article is guided by dialectical materialism and historical materialism and adopts methods such as literature review, comparative analysis, historical analysis, empirical research, genetic analysis, and the combination of value analysis and empirical analysis. Through a multidimensional analysis framework, combined with literature review, case analysis, and field research data, it constructs an indicator system that includes four dimensions: economy, ecology, society, and technology. It deeply explores the systematic evaluation of the sustainable development status of the Cuban agricultural economy in the face of the dual challenges of external economic blockade and internal resource constraints, how to achieve sustainable development through internal innovation and strategic adjustment, and compares and analyzes it with the socialist ideology with Chinese characteristics in the new era. Starting from the basic national conditions of Cuba, this article recalls the development process of Cuba's agricultural economy, sorts out the current situation of Cuba's agricultural economy, systematically analyzes the specific reasons for the sustainable development of Cuba's agricultural economy, such as the policy agenda of the agricultural economy, land reform movement, technological innovation and application, ecological agriculture practice, and extensive participation of social forces, revealing the inherent driving force of Cuba's sustainable development of the agricultural economy. Looking at the prospects of sustainable development of Cuba's agricultural economy from a long-term perspective. At the same time, the potential analysis of introducing digital technology applications for the sustainable development of Cuba's agricultural economy. Research has found that the internal driving force behind the sustainable development of Cuba's agricultural economy mainly comes from its unique agricultural policies, ecological agriculture practices, active participation of farmers, promotion of technological innovation, and assistance from international cooperation. The intrinsic driving force for the sustainable development of Cuba's agricultural economy is mainly reflected in the following aspects: firstly, policy innovation and institutional support, such as land distribution reform and diversification of agricultural cooperatives; Secondly, technological innovation and the promotion of ecological agriculture have significantly improved resource utilization efficiency and ecological benefits; The third is social mobilization and farmer participation, which combines material and spiritual incentives to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers. The sustainable development of Cuba's agricultural economy is the result of multiple factors working together. The sustainable development of Cuba's agricultural economy shares many similarities with China's development philosophy, reflecting the similar pursuits and practices of socialist countries on their development path. In addition, the application of digital technology can provide new opportunities for the future development of Cuba's agricultural economy. This study systematically combines the ideology of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era with the sustainable development of the Cuban agricultural economy for the first time, providing a new theoretical perspective for international socialist practice. Through quantitative analysis and international benchmark comparison, this study provides a scientific basis for the effectiveness of Cuba's agricultural economy and further enriches the theoretical connotation of socialist ecological civilization construction. The research design and methods of Marxism are constantly evolving and improving. We need to flexibly apply various methods based on specific research problems and objects to enhance the scientific and practical nature of research. In practical research, it is often necessary to comprehensively and deeply analyze and solve problems by using multiple research methods. In terms of research methodology design, this article focuses on both standardization and innovation, while also emphasizing the comprehensive use of multiple research methods. In the application of research methods, it is necessary to follow certain norms to ensure the scientific and rigorous nature of the research, while also emphasizing the innovation of methods to adapt to the diversity and complexity of research problems. By analyzing Cuba's experience, useful insights and references can be provided for the sustainable development of the agricultural economy in China and other developing countries. The sustainable development practice of Cuba's agricultural economy has provided valuable experience for the global sustainable development of agriculture. The ecological civilization concept and green development concept in the socialist ideology with Chinese characteristics in the new era provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the further development of Cuba's agricultural economy. Future research should further explore the application scenarios of digital technology in Cuban agriculture, providing new ideas and methods for global agricultural modernization. Suggest strengthening international cooperation, especially exchanges and cooperation with China in the fields of agricultural technology innovation and ecological agriculture. Cuba should further strengthen the application of digital technology in agriculture, and promote the modernization and intelligent development of agriculture. At the same time, it is recommended that other developing countries learn from Cuba's experience and explore sustainable agricultural development models that are suitable for their national conditions.