Perspectives: The Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act, 2011

ABSTRACT India has made significant progress in developing an organized system for organ donation and transplantation. However, the gap between demand and supply remains large. The National Organ Transplant Program (NOTP), implemented through national, regional, and state-level bodies, seeks to address these challenges and promote ethical practices. This article reviews India’s organ transplantation framework, focusing on the Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act, the NOTP, and the roles of the National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organization, Regional Organ and Tissue Transplant Organizations, and State Organ and Tissue Transplant Organizations. It also provides guidelines on how to start organ transplantation in a center and the protocols required for it. Despite advancements in infrastructure and regulation, challenges like organ shortage, illegal trade, and socio-cultural barriers persist. Keeping in mind the abuse of the Act and the various rackets involving organ donation and trade, this study highlights the progress made and explores future strategies for enhancing organ donation and transplantation in India.