Comorbid patient with obesity:comparative assessment of the effect of intermittent or continuous calorie restriction on body weight and cardiometabolic risk markers

The purpose of this study is to present the results of a comparative assessment of the effect of intermittent restricted diet (ICR) with a constant restricted diet (CCR) on weight loss, fat mass, the effect on cardiometabolic risk markers, glucose and insulin levels in obese adults. Materials and methods: The works cited in the study were selected using the keywords “obesity”, “comorbidity”, “weight loss”, “intermittent calorie restriction”, “constant calorie restriction”, in the search engines PubMed, Scopus. Publications had to meet the following criteria: randomized clinical trials, published in the last decade (2014-2024), access to the full text of the publication, the primary endpoint of weight loss, intermittent or continuous calorie restriction as the main intervention, adult population, subjects with obesity and comorbid pathology. Results: Obesity has acquired pandemic proportions worldwide. In some countries, prevalence rates range from 20 to 40%. Prevalence and incidence rates continue to increase. It is estimated that by 2030, almost 50% of the world’s population will be overweight or obese. Obesity increases the risk of a number of chronic noncommunicable diseases (T2DM, CVD, CKD, CLD, some types of cancer). Weight loss is the main intervention for people with overweight and obesity. Conservative non-drug therapy in the form of nutritional modification is the mainstay of obesity treatment and is recommended as the first, mandatory and permanent component of treatment. Daily caloric restriction and intermittent feeding are two forms of dietary therapy that can help to reduce body weight. Conclusion: Based on the results of the comparative analysis, we concluded that ICR and CCR are alternative energy restriction regimens for weight loss with comparable improvements in obesity-related cardiometabolic risk markers. Both regimens were well tolerated in most studies and may be equivalent approaches to weight loss. Further studies are needed to examine the efficacy, feasibility and safety of ICR in patients with chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease or cancer.