Prediction of Outdoor-to-Indoor Propagation Loss Using a Novel Parameter: Compound Power

This letter presents a novel outdoor-to-indoor (O2I) propagation loss model that incorporates the impact of building-related clutter to enhance indoor power prediction in complex environments. The key contribution is the introduction of the compound power (CP) parameter, which captures the combined effects of diffraction, reflection, and penetration in non-line-of-sight (NLoS) scenarios. Analytically derived and experimentally validated through a unique dual-method extraction process, the model demonstrates that clutter, such as large nearby structures, significantly influences building entry loss (BEL) between line-of-sight (LoS) and NLoS paths. This comprehensive approach improves the accuracy and generalizability of indoor power predictions by accounting for the surrounding clutter.