Grid Capacity Impact from the Charging of Electrified Long-Haul Trucks

The introduction of electric heavy trucks will lead to new charging power requirements on the power grid. This study examines how much charging power is required for the public fast charging of a fully electrified long-haul truck fleet. Probabilistic truck charging profiles are created using agent-based simulations, based on fully representative long-haul goods transport data from the study area. The modeled charging loads are introduced in probabilistic power grid simulations to examine the impact of truck charging on the grid capacity. The grid model used is the actual scale 1: 1 grid planning model of the transmission and sub-transmission grid, provided by the grid owner in the study area. A probabilistic load flow analysis is performed to examine the impact of the required truck charging on the loading of primary substation transformers and power lines. The results show that the aggregated truck charging leads to overloads in 6 out of the 18 substation transformers (135/22 or 135/11 kV) which were feeding the truck charging. The highest risk of overload in a single transformer is 3.4 %.