Adaptive Droop Volt-VAR-Watt Control with Extremum Seeking Algorithm

The penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution networks is increasing, alongside smart inverters (SIs) utilization due to their grid-support functionalities. SIs and edge computational resources can provide decentralized grid services, such as voltage support, making it a scalable solution. Traditional doop-based approaches based on the IEEE-1547 standard are among widely-used decentralized solutions that use constant Q-V and P-V characteristics and may under-utilize the capacity of SIs for voltage regulation in distribution grids with higher P-Q-V dependency. This paper proposes an adaptive volt-var-watt droop control strategy (P-Q-V) that is based on the extremum-seeking (ES) algorithm to provide decentralized volt-age support grid service in distribution networks. The proposed decentralized P-Q-V control approach improves the grid voltage profile, minimizes network loss, and prevents under/over-voltage conditions. In this paper, different scenarios and case studies are presented to demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed method, emphasizing its potential to enhance the reliability and efficiency of distribution networks, particularly with the integration of controllable DERs.