Navigating the Quantum Divide(s)

This article explores the potential divides from emerging quantum technologies (QTs) on society, covering impacts on science, technology, geopolitics, and societal structures. We aim to challenge the concept of a single “quantum divide” by offering a comprehensive view. We propose four divides: in science, technologies, between countries, and within societies. The “Quantum divide in science” highlights gaps among scientists and access inequalities in research communities. The second divide, “Quantum divide in technologies through path-dependence,” looks at technology adoption processes. The “Quantum divide between countries” examines adoption reasons and outcomes across countries with varying development levels. Finally, the “Quantum divide within societies” addresses societal implications, one of the most discussed in the literature. We propose directions to navigate these divides, noting their interconnectedness and impact on innovation ecosystems. This article guides those interested in the quantum divide, navigation strategies, and QT's influence on scientific, technological, international, and societal institutions.