Computational study of the combined impacts of variable density of the hydrosphere and thermal jump in atmosphere on climate change

This current work highlights the impact of variable density of hydrosphere and atmosphere on climate change by introducing thermal jump effects in atmosphere region. For this purpose, a mathematical model is developed in two regions, the atmosphere region and the hydrosphere region in terms of a spherical coordinate system. In this natural phenomenon solar energy is received by the earth surface and shifted towards hydrosphere and atmosphere. The hydrosphere absorbs more energy as compare to atmosphere, keeping in view this natural phenomenon, these two regions are assumed at high temperature difference and there is a trans-boundary because of this large difference. The phenomenon of convective heat transfer between two regions influenced by the thermal jump condition included in the atmosphere. Changes in density affect how this heat is transported to the atmosphere. Thermal jumps in the atmosphere alter the radiative and convective heat exchange between the surface and the upper atmosphere. The effects of significant parameters that are pertinent to hydrosphere and atmosphere are observed and examined to establish climate predictions. In order to integrate the partial differential equations, the finite difference method is used and then the obtained system of algebraic equations is solved using Gaussian elimination method. It is found that velocity profile decreases and temperature distribution increases with increasing density variation parameter in hydrosphere region at γ=1.5 radian. The temperature profile and velocity profile has maximum and minimum values, respectively for βH=1.0 at position γ=1.5 radian, whereas thermal distribution is minimum for βH=0.02 and velocity distribution is maximum for βH=0.08 at γ=1.5 radian. Additionally it is noted that the velocity profile and thermal profile with increasing values of ST, the velocity profile and temperature profile is increased. Consequently both have maximum magnitudes on ST=0.07 at the position γ*=3.0. It is further observed that the interplay between the variable density of the hydrosphere and thermal inversion in the atmosphere influences the climate in diverse ways, particularly during thermal interactions between these two systems. Variations in hydrospheric density can significantly affect the development and intensity of weather events like hurricanes and monsoons. Moreover, atmospheric temperature inversions caused by thermal jumps can lead to the formation of oceanic layer fog.