Biomarkers for the diagnosis of infectious and inflammatory diseases

This review focuses on the analysis of biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of infections in immunocompromised children, with particular emphasis on their role in early diagnosis and risk assessment. The study is based on scientific publications from the PubMed database, including analyses of immunological markers, genetic predispositions, and biomarker measurement methods. The key findings highlight the importance of biomarkers such as procalcitonin and presepsin for early diagnosis, IL-6 for predicting disease progression, and TREC and KREC for monitoring neonatal immune status. Promising areas of study include genetic markers and the evaluation of neutrophil extracellular traps to predict sepsis outcomes. The practical application of these biomarkers can improve the diagnosis and monitoring of infections in immunocompromised children, reducing mortality and complications while enhancing treatment efficacy. The study’s conclusions underscore the importance of integrating biomarkers into personalized approaches to diagnosing and predicting infectious diseases in children with immune system impairments.