Features of diagnosis of benign and malignant pathology of the thyroid gland complicated by tracheal compression syndrome

Thyroid diseases complicated by tracheal compression syndrome are one of the most serious pathologies of thoracic surgery. Diagnostics of this serious pathology plays important role in choice of complex treatment tactics. The aim of the work was to analyze the results of diagnostic studies in patients with thyroid diseases complicated by tracheal compression syndrome, who underwent surgery for urgent and emergency indications. The study involved 167 patients hospitalized in the clinic of the State University "Zaitsev Institute of General and Emergency Surgery of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine" with thyroid diseases complicated by tracheal compression syndrome. All patients underwent surgery for urgent and urgent indications. The condition of the thyroid gland and residual tissue was assessed using ultrasound, elastography, gland function by hormone levels and the results of histological and immunohistochemical studies. Immunohistochemical studies allowed us to identify the degree of proliferative activity of the thyroid gland. A correlation was established between the characteristics of elastography and markers of proliferative activity. The patient's management tactics (dynamic observation or surgical treatment with the choice of the volume of surgical intervention, including minimally invasive ones) depended on the determination of the type of elastogram and the degree of proliferative activity of the thyroid tissue. The results of the study concluded that diagnostic measures in patients with thyroid diseases complicated by tracheal compression syndrome are aimed first of all at receiving comprehensive data on patient’s actual condition and disease to determine optimal treatment tactics and decrease the level of postoperative complications and lethality in surgical interventions performed by urgent and immediate indications. Keywords: cytological examination, elastography, immunohistochemical study, thyroid disease.