Phytochemical Evaluation and Herbal Formulation of the Stem bark of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC) Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae)

Purpose: Anogeissus leiocarpus (Combretaceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used by the Hausa tribe of Northern Nigeria for managing respiratory tract infections. Its antibacterial and antifungal properties have gained attention, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study focuses on the phytochemical screening and formulation of tea from the powdered stem bark of A. leiocarpus. The study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition of the aqueous stem bark extract, formulate loose and bagged teas, and assess their quality and safety. Method: Phytochemical screening was conducted to identify bioactive compounds. Loose and bagged teas were formulated using standard procedures. Quality assessment included uniformity of mass and optimization of extraction. Acute toxicity was evaluated in Wistar rats using OECD guideline 425. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and triterpenes. Tannins had the highest concentration (0.117 mg/ml), while saponins had the lowest (0.030 mg/ml). The formulated tea bags passed the uniformity of mass test, with optimal extraction achieved by infusing a tea bag in 200 mL of boiled water for 10 minutes. The acute toxicity study indicated a wide margin of safety, with an LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. Conclusion: The aqueous stem bark extract of A. leiocarpus is rich in phytochemicals and can be safely formulated into loose and bagged teas. The findings support its traditional use and potential for further development as a therapeutic agent.