Listening to change: Stakeholder analysis and interviews examining perspectives on the diffusion of coupled hydrogen and electrical island grids

Germany’s goal of sourcing 80% of its electricity from renewable energy by 2030 presents challenges due to the intermittent nature of these sources. Smart integrated grids (SmInT-Grids) offer a solution by managing energy distribution and storage to address these intermittencies. This study captures and analyzes stakeholder perceptions on a hypothetical implementation of SmInT-Grids in Hamburg, Germany. Through interviews, we examine views on attitudes, needs, benefits, risks, and barriers associated with these grids. Findings emphasize the role of institutions in fostering acceptance through information, education, transparent communication, and participatory opportunities. Identified prerequisites include effective stakeholder management, investment security, access to suitable construction sites, and an efficient legal framework. High costs and regulatory barriers appeared as perceived significant obstacles. The study highlights the necessity of early stakeholder engagement to facilitate the adoption of SmInT-Grids, providing insights for future policy. • Perceived key chances of SmInT-grids are 100% renewable energy and network resilience. • Technological gridlock is perceived as the top barrier to grid implementation. • Perceived key needs for grid implementation are stakeholder management and legal frameworks. • The stakeholders stress that institutions should promote education, transparency, utility of grids. • 8 of 17 stakeholders critique the viability of island grids in urban settings.