An adaptive protection scheme for an inverter-dominated grid considering Momentary Cessation

• Momentary Cessation's effect on Overcurrent Relay. • Inverter-based renewable energy resources networked grid. • Challenges in island mode operation. The increased penetration of Inverter-Based Renewable Energy Resources (IBRERs) enhances the power system's reliability and stability. However, it has a considerable influence on Overcurrent Relays (OCRs) protection systems due to the higher amplitude of short circuit current and bidirectional flow. Furthermore, the Momentary Cessation (MC) mode of IBRERs can have an impact on power system protection since it temporarily ceases significant amounts of IBRER generation. This paper addresses the impact of the IBRERs ‘s MC on the protection distribution system. A comprehensive four-case study on the CIGRE 14-bus distribution network is presented to investigate the challenges of miscoordination and false tripping caused by increased IBRER penetration. This study introduces an adaptive protection scheme that combines current-based and voltage-based logic to enhance fault detection and relay response. The proposed approach ensures rapid, accurate, and adaptive protection under diverse fault scenarios, thereby improving system reliability and operational resilience. Furthermore, different IBRER working modes and OCR schemes are suggested to be tested and carried out using a simulation built on MATLAB/ ETAP software. The results of the study demonstrate the importance of this research as a crucial reference for future research by high levels of renewable energy penetration.