Impact of Clostridium sporogenes endospores and boswellic acid on breast cancer induced by N-Nitroso-N-methyl urea (MNU) in female rats

Recently, a greater focus has been on investigating bacterial endospores as possible anticancer agents. To improve treatment procedures for cancer, this study examines the effects of gamma radiation-attenuated Clostridium sporogenes endospores as moderators of immune control and Boswellic acid on breast cancer carcinoma growth. Methods: breast carcinoma was induced in adult male albino rats using NMethyl-N Nitrosourea MNU. (50 mg/kg)) i.p. on the days 33, 40, 47, 54, and 61 of age alternately through the left and right abdominal wall) and subsequently treated with endospores (intravenous injection of endospores once at a dose of (60 million spores /Rat) and boswellic acid injected orally at a dose of 250mg/kg/day by oral gavage needle, and samples were taken from rats after one month of endospore injection). Multiple parameters, including oxidative stress (MDA), antioxidant enzyme (GSH), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), nuclear factor-κB (NFκB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Caspase-3 and P53, Urea and Creatinine, NO and H2O2, JAK and STAT, IL-2 and IL-10 and liver function enzymes were assessed; In addition to histopathological examination of mammary tissue. Results: a remarkable suppression of tumor proliferation and inducing apoptosis through Cas-3 and P53 stimulation was noticed. There was a notable improvement in inflammatory markers (TNF-α, VEGF, IF-γ, and NF-κB) and immunological parameters such as JAK, STAT-3, IL-2, and IL-10. In the serum of the endospore-treated rats, there was a decrease in lipid peroxidation and an improvement in antioxidant status compared to the untreated rats. Elevated liver function enzymes provided additional support for these observed improvements. In conclusion, this work provides strong evidence for the ability of endospores and boswellic acid, either separately or in combination, to target breast tumor cells and modify immune responses, indicating their potential uses as adjuvants to enhance cancer treatment regimens.