Evaluation of Lake Bardawil's Bottom Sediments' Environmental Risk Over the Past Decade

The level of some heavy metals in Bardawil Lagoon during the past ten years was investigated. Heavy metals (iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and cadmium Cd) were studied in bottom sediments of 10 stations of Bardawil Lagoon. The heavy metal concentrations were varied from time to time. Heavy metals are shown in the following order in 2013: Fe >Mn> Zn> Cu> Cr >Ni >Pb >Cd, in 2015: Fe >Mn> Cr> Zn> Ni >Pb >Cu> Cd, in 2017: Fe >Mn> Cr> Zn> Ni >Pb >Cu >Cd, and in 2022 Fe >Mn> Cr> Zn> Ni >Pb >Cu> Cd. Single and integrated contamination indices were utilized to analyse the heavy metal pollution of the examined collected samples of the Lagoon. Different indexes such as the contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (DC), and ecological risk index (ERI) were followed up during the study. The results indicated that most of the collected samples exhibited a low DC and a low ERI from 2013 to 2022.